TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN AND GIRLS
LA TRAITE DE FEMMES ET DE FILLETTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY/BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Useful Web sites / Liens avec des sites internet

Reports / Rapports

Books and articles of interest / Articles et livres intéressants

USEFUL WEB SITES / LIENS AVEC DES SITES INTERNET

• Human Rights Watch Lists the key HRW documents on trafficking
• IOM, Trafficking in migrants Trafficking in Migrants aims at improving the exchange of information on migrant trafficking by compiling and analyzing information from the media, governments, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, with information on trends, policies, meetings, publications, and networking activities.
• Global Alliance Against the Trafficking of Women GAATW seeks to facilitate on-going development of discourse and action on issues related to what has conventionally been described as ‘trafficking in persons’.
• International Human Rights Law Group Links to articles and legal documents on trafficking
• OSCE The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights has launched a number of anti trafficking initiatives that cover a wide range of thematic issues and also a wide geographic area.
• Office for Victims of Crime Database of articles on trafficking of women around the world
• Protection Project This project also provides training. Among its many publications is Human Rights Report on Trafficking in Persons, especially women and children: a Country-by-Country Report on a Contemporary Form of Slavery, 2nd ed. 2002
• Research and Networking Centre on Trafficking in Women and Children Focusing on sex trafficking, offers relevant resources, including research, reports, organizations, and toolkits for action (for professionals and community members)
• Save the Children "Out from the Shadows and into the Light" – a program to encourage young people involved in the sex trade to come forward
• UNICEF Stop the Traffic This website has an entire curriculum for school children to teach about the dangers of trafficking and how to look out for it. For a overview of all the UNICEF Reports on Child Trafficking online.
• USA Department of Justice This is an online version of a pamphlet created for NGOs. It lists relevant US laws, resources and guidelines for helping victims.
• War Against Trafficking Alliance Save the Children Canada The goal of this organization is to declare war on trafficking around the world. Their work focuses on intervention, restoration and prevention.
• Focus on trafficking The Information Campaign to discourage and prevent trafficking in women in the Baltic region was launched in October 2001. The project aims to increase awareness about the problems of trafficking in women among the general population and especially potential victims, also relevant authorities and NGOs in the Baltic States. The web site provides an overview of documents and information gathered for the project. For more information on activities against trafficking in the Baltic region
• Coalition against Trafficking in Women – Canada The Canadian section of this organization has requested changes to Bill C-11 (the bill that became the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act), particularly in relation to trafficking issues. They want to make sure that victims are seen as just that, and not migrant criminals. For the entire report detailing changes requested to Bill C-11

REPORTS / RAPPORTS :

• Report of the Secretary-General to the 57th session of the Commission on Human Rights, Traffic in Women and Girls, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2001/72 (January, 2001) This document reports on activities for year 2001 of United Nations bodies, such as UNICEF, UNHCR, ILO, United Nations Development Program and United Nations Population Fund, on the issue of trafficking. Moreover it reports the activities of other international organizations classed geographically about the same topics.
• Conference Report Transatlantic Workshop on Human Smuggling The Institute for the Study of International Migration at Georgetown University and the European forum for migration studies at the University of Bamberg co-sponsored two transatlantic conferences on human smuggling and trafficking. This is the report of the discussions about trafficking for sexual exploitation, consequences and responses to this problem.
• Jean D’Cunha Technical Advisor on Migration and Trafficking, Trafficking in persons: a gender and rights perspective. Expert Group Meeting on "Trafficking in women and girls" 18-22 November 2002 The main part of this document is dedicated to the identification of the main gender and rights concerns in the trafficking process: those that render persons vulnerable to trafficking and create and reinforce demand; those during transfer; those related to the institutions into which they are trafficked, and those in the return and resettlement process.
• Owed Justice: Thai Women Trafficked into Debt Bondage in Japan. Human Rights Watch, 2000 Report on the trafficking of Thai women in Japan, from immigration to the nature of the Japanese sex industry; explanation of the international legal standards on trafficking; response of the Japanese and Thai legal systems to trafficking include the mistreatment of trafficked victims by public authorities; recommendations given to Japanese and Thai governments in particular, and to other countries and intergovernmental organizations as well.
• UNICEF A report that reviews the situation and responses to trafficking in human beings in the countries of Southeastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova and Romania. These are the countries of origin, transit and destination for the trafficking of women and girls for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Children are also trafficked from Albania into Greece and Italy for the purpose of forced labour.
• Colloque "Esclavage moderne et trafic d’êtres humains, quelles approches européennes ?", Paris 17 novembre 2000 Recueil de toutes les interventions qui ont eu lieu pendant ce colloque qui a reuni de nombreux intervenants européens. Il est ainsi possible de lire l’exposé de M. Dottridge (Directeur de l ’ONG Anti-Slavery International (Grande-Bretagne)) sur "les différents concepts : esclavage moderne, traite des êtres humains, trafic de personnes (smuggling), servitude pour dettes …" ou encore celui de M. Gramegna (Chef de la division contre la traite, Organisation Internationale pour les Migrations (Suisse)) sur l’"Assistance à la réintégration dans le pays d’origine des victimes de la traite"

ARTICLES AND BOOKS OF INTEREST / ARTICLES ET LIVRES INTÉRESSANTS

• Migrant Sex Workers from Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: The Canadian Case (November 2000)
  This study explores the trafficking in women from Central and Eastern Europe to Canada

En français

• Trafficking in Women in Canada: A Critical Analysis of the Legal Framework Governing Immigrant Live-in Caregivers and Mail-Order Brides. Status of Women (Oct. 2000) This report contains an extensive analysis of two forms of trafficking in women in Canada: mail-order brides and the hiring of immigrant live-in caregivers. It examines federal & provincial legislation, case law, & literature. The report recommends reforms to immigration law, labour law, and social legislation to ensure respect for the fundamental rights of women.

En français

• Canada: The New Frontier for Filipino Mail-Order Brides (November 2000) This community-based research seeks to bring out the voices, experiences and struggles of Filipino mail-order brides in Canada.

En français

• Anderson, Bridget and Julia O'Connell Davidson, "Trafficking - a demand led problem?" 2003 Report published by Save the Children Sweden, Sida and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden <www.rse/bookshop> (date accessed: January 15, 2003).
• Andrijasevic, Rutvica. "The Difference Borders Make: (Il)legality, Migration and Trafficking in Italy among eastern European Women in Prostitution" in Uprootings/ Regroundings: Questions of Home and Migration. eds. Sara Ahmed, Claudia Castaneda, Anne-Marie Fortier and Mimi Sheller (Berg, 2003).
• Apap, Joanna, Peter Cullen and Felicita Medved, "Counteracting Human Trafficking - Protecting the Victims of Trafficking", Paper, European Conference on Preventing and Combating Trafficking of Human Beings, 18-20 September 2002.
  http://www.belgium.iom.int/STOPConference/Conference%20Papers/01.%20Apap,%20J.-%20IOM%20final%20paper.pdf
• Brock, Deborah, Kara Gillies, Chanelle Oliver and Mook Sutdhibhasilp, " Migrant Sex Work: A Roundtable Analysis," Canadian Woman Studies. 20:2 (2000).
• Brussels Declaration on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings http://www.belgium.iom.int/STOPConference/Conference%20Papers/brudeclaration.pdf
  Includes a broad range of papers on migration policy in the European context.
• Chuang, Janie. "Redirecting the Debate over trafficking in women: Definitions, paradigms, and contexts." Harvard Human Rights Journal. Vol. 11 1998: 65. This article deals with the fact that, according to the author, the scope of trafficking is conceived too narrowly. It encompasses more than being forced into prostitution. It includes all kinds of trafficking, including forced labour and slaver-like practices. Narrow definitions of trafficking have rendered international laws ineffective. In addition, even if international laws are modified, states are often reluctant to enforce them domestically. The article examines the scope and practical efficacy of existing and proposed legal protections applicable to victims. It does not offer any solutions however, the article explores the potential ramifications of alternative approaches.
• Cohen, Steve. No One is Illegal: Asylum and Immigration Control, Past and Present. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books.
• Crépeau, Francois, "The Fight Against Migrant Smuggling: Migration Containment over Refugee Protection," in The Refugee Convention at Fifty: a View from Forced Migration Studies. eds. Joanne van Selm, Khoti Kamanga, John Morrison, Aninia Nadig, Sanja Spoljar Vrzina & Loes van Willigen (Boston: Lexington Books, 2003).
• Davies, John. "The role of Migration Policy in Creating and Sustaining Trafficking Harm", Paper, European Conference on Preventing and Combating Trafficking of Human Beings, 18-20 September 2002. http://www.belgium.iom.int/STOPConference/Conference%20Papers/OSLO.pdf
  This paper is of particular interest in addressing the need to critically assess the trafficking issues.
• Guéricolas, Pascale, "Géographie de l’inacceptable." Gazette des Femme. Vol. 22 no 1. (May June 2000): 27. Cet article a pour ambition de saisir toute l’étendu de ce phénomène. Cela inclut des statistiques sur le nombre d’immigrants clandestins et les profits realisés par les trafiquants d’hommes dans les pays les plus developpés comme le Canada et les USA. Cela inclue également des informations sur les origines des victimes, sur leur destin et sur la prostitution en géneral.
• Hayter, Tresa. Open Borders: The Case Against Immigration Controls. London: Pluto Press. 2000.
• International Labour Office (ILO), "Getting at the Roots: Stopping Exploitation of Migrant Workers by Organized Crime," International Symposium, The UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime: Requirements for Effective Implementation, Turin, Italy 22-23 February 2002.
• Ko-Lin Chin, Smuggled Chinese: Clandestine Immigration to the United States. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1999.
• Meillon, Cynthia. "References to Trafficking in the Beijing + 5 Document," in Holding on to the Promise: Women's Human Rights and the Beijing + 5 Review. ed. Cynthia Meillon (New Brunswick: Center for Women's Global Leadership, 2001).
• Sharma, Nandita. “Travel Agency: A Critique of Anti-Trafficking Campaigns”, Refuge, July 2003 http://www.globalhawaii.org/PDF/traffickpapers/Sharma.pdf
• Osakue, Grace. "Exposing age-old problems: Trafficking in women." ISIS Women In Action. Vol. 32. (1998): 25-6. [Elements of trafficking in women, a list by the Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW), 27]. Trafficking in women is becoming big business in Nigeria. Studies show that such activity is most prosperous in countries ravaged by war or economic instability. Many women are duped into paying large sums of money to facilitate travel abroad and arrange employment. They soon find themselves in a situation of debt-bondage, unable to pay back the vast sums owed their traffickers and living illegally in a foreign country. There are no support mechanisms for trafficked women. While Nigeria does have specific laws that prohibit trafficking of women for prostitution and forced labour, there have been no convictions. The continued existence and spread of trafficking in women indicates that legal instruments are not sufficient in themselves to bring about change.
• Sex Slaves: The Trafficking of Women in Asia, by Louise Brown, Virago Press (2001) Defines the main issues related to Asian sexual trafficking, including who the buyers and sellers are. It also distinguishes and defines trafficking as opposed to forced prostitution; talks about the "commodity" values as well as social, economic and political contributors to the problem and talks about the agents, defines internal vs. external trafficking, as well as outlining the methods used to lure women into the industry.
  
• Richmond, Anthony. Global Apartheid: Refugees, Racism, and the New World Order. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).
• Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons, Canadian Council for Refugees, February 2000
  
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