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Le rapport annuel sur la traite des êtres humains publié par le Département d’État des États-Unis comprend des rapports des pays d’origine, de transit ou de destination d’un nombre significatif de personnes qui subissent la traite.
Le Département d’État classe les pays en quatre listes distinctes selon l’intensité des efforts engagés par les gouvernements. On y évalue si les actions gouvernementales vont dans le sens des normes minimales établies par le Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act’s (TVPRA) en ce qui concerne la lutte contre la traite. Les gouvernements qui les remplissent parfaitement sont classés dans la niveau 1. Ceux qui font des efforts significatifs se trouvent dans la niveau 2. Le niveau 2 "sous contrôle" inclut des pays où les chiffres absolus de personnes qui subissent des formes sévères de traite sont significatifs ou augmentent de façon significative ou dans lesquels il n’est pas démontré que des efforts accrus pour combattre les formes sévères de traite sont entrepris relativement à l’année antérieure ou lorsque la détermination qu’un pays fait des efforts significatifs pour être en conformité avec les normes minimales est basé sur des engagements d’entreprendre des actions additionnelles futures au cours de l’année suivante. Enfin, les pays dont le gouvernement n’est pas entièrement en conformité avec les normes minimales et ne fait pas d’efforts significatifs pour s’y confirmer sont classés dans le niveau 3.
Les "normes minimales" pour l’élimination de la traite précisent que les États doivent:
Le rapport du gouvernement des États-Unis sur la situation de la traite en 2003 situait le Canada dans le deuxième niveau, sur la base des efforts du gouvernement pour combattre la traite. Cela signifie que, selon le Département d’État des États-Unis, le Canada ne remplissait pas toutes ses obligations au cours de la période 2002-2003, mais faisait néanmoins des efforts pour se conformer aux "normes minimales". En effet, le rapport 2004 classe maintenant le Canada dans le niveau 1, comme l’indique le suivant extrait du Rapport.
Country narrative for Canada in the 2004 Report (Tier 1)
Source : http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2004/33198.htm
Canada is primarily a destination and transit country for women trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation from China, South Korea, Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines, Latin America, Russia, and Eastern Europe. To a lesser extent, men, women and children are trafficked for forced labor, and Canadian citizens are trafficked internally for the sex trade. Most transiting victims are bound for the U.S. In a recent criminal intelligence assessment, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) estimates that 800 persons are trafficked into Canada annually and that an additional 1,500-2,200 persons are trafficked through Canada into the U.S. Some observers believe these numbers significantly understate the problem.
The Government of Canada fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The government’s Interdepartmental Working Group coordinates and reports on the effectiveness of the national anti-trafficking policy. Senior government officials are speaking out more often, and more resources are being devoted to border control; a new RCMP anti-trafficking taskforce is also being created. For these reasons, Canada has been reclassified from Tier 2 to Tier 1.
Prosecution
The Government of Canada made impressive gains in prosecuting traffickers
in 2003, as its law enforcement statistics demonstrate. Canada has prosecuted
traffickers in the context of general law enforcement efforts, but is now
starting to implement a specific anti-trafficking law enforcement strategy.
The overall results are solid, even though Canada’s federal system and
diversity of criminal codes complicate data collection. Reviewing national
statistics, Canada’s Justice Department reported that at least 40 traffickers
were prosecuted in the reporting period. So far 16 defendants have been
convicted; sentences range from one to seven years. Other cases are still
in the courts.
Protection
Canadian social service agencies offer assistance to trafficking victims
who have Canadian citizenship, residency, or other legal rights to be in
Canada. Under Canadian law, undocumented aliens are allowed to claim refugee
status, which would permit them to remain in Canada with limited benefits
while their cases are adjudicated. However, critics claim that in practice
the complexity of the application process effectively prevents some victims
from claiming refugee status before they are deported. Canadian authorities
deny this is the case. Identifying trafficking victims inside clandestine
migrant smuggling operations is difficult.
Prevention
Canada is engaged at home and abroad in preventing and warning about
the dangers of trafficking. The government publishes a multi-lingual pamphlet
about trafficking and funds a range of Canada-based NGOs and institutions
that are active in efforts to prevent trafficking. The Canadian International
Development Agency (CIDA) funds anti-trafficking programs on four continents.
Canadian immigration officers are stationed in key source countries to
hinder trafficking networks. Canadian authorities protect their borders,
although officials should reassess visa requirements for certain nationals,
such as South Koreans. South Koreans do not require a visa to enter Canada
and are being trafficked via Canada into the U.S.